トピック

Should companies in financial trouble receive government support? (英検、2008 1_2 経済・ビジネス)

経営難に陥った企業は政府の支援を受けるべきか？

意図や意味、具体例(政策、データ、時事ネタ事例、自分の経験持論)

大企業

倒産すると他の企業にも連鎖的に影響が出るため、救済される。Too Big To Fail
社会インフラの企業が該当する。銀行、航空、医療。

• コロナの影響を受けた航空業界の支援
• 2008年リーマンショック時の大手銀行の救済
• 2009年米国ゼネラルモーターズ(GM)の救済
• 2010年日本航空(JAL)の救済

関連: 2023年シリコンバレーバンク破産。預金者の救済
利上げの影響による: Should more controls be placed on the financial industry? (2009 3_2 経済・ビジネス)

中小企業

• コロナの影響を受けた宿泊業、飲食業

観点

• 税金が使われる。
• モラルハザード。企業が救済されることをあてにして、過剰なリスクを取る可能性がある。

語彙

to go bankrupt

倒産する

to have a domino effect

連鎖的に影響が出る

bailed out

救済される

銀行、航空、医療

bank, aviation/airline, healthcare industry

the financial crisis of 2008

リーマンショック

the bailout of major banks

大手銀行の救済

General Motors Company

ゼネラルモーターズ

bailout of Japan Airlines

日本航空(JAL)の救済

depositor protection

預金者の救済

travel industry

宿泊業、旅行業界

food service industry

飲食業

スピーチ例

I think that companies in financial trouble should receive government support on certain conditions.
I have two reasons to support my opinion.

Firstly, government assistance comes from taxes, so in general, it is better not to bail out companies.
The reason for this is that moral hazard can occur, and companies may take excessive risks in the expectation of being bailed out.

However, companies that provide essential infrastructure, such as banks, airlines, and healthcare, should be bailed out.
This is because their collapse would have a cascading impact on other companies and would have a negative impact on the public.
Examples of this include the bailout of major banks during the 2008 financial crisis and the bailout of Japan Airlines in 2010.

Secondly, in the case of temporary disasters that are not the responsibility of companies, they should be bailed out.
Examples of this include the support for the airline industry, the hotel industry, and the restaurant industry that were affected by COVID-19.
In this case, moral hazard does not occur.

In conclusion, I am of the opinion that companies in financial trouble should receive government support on certain conditions.

(190 words)